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703 TO CHANGE ONE'S MIND PAINTER PIANIST SURGEON
rozmyślić się malarz pianista chirurg
WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE DON'T EARN A STEADY WAGE OR SALARY ?/
The kind of people... are such people as actors, writers, different
kinds of artists, and people who do seasonal work, such as
waiters who work at the seaside during the summer etc.
WHAT DO WE USUALLY MEAN WHEN WE SAY THAT SOMEONE'S A
STEADY PERSON ? When we say that someone's a steady person, we usually mean
that we can believe what he says, that he does what he
says he will do and doesn't keep changing his mind etc.
WHAT KIND OF JOBS DO WE NEED A STEADY HAND FOR? The kind of
jobs for which we need a steady hand are those
of a painter, pianist, watch-repairer, surgeon etc.
ABOUT HOW LONG DO YOU THINK IT'LL TAKE YOU TO FINISH THIS
BOOK IF YOU KEEP WORKING STEADILY ?/ I think it'll take me about
... to finish...
PLURAL OF NOUNS ENDING IN "F" OR "FE"
LEAF LOAF SHELF CLIFF
liść bochenek półka urwisko skalne
704 Nouns ending in "f or "fe" generally change this to "ves" in forming their plurals.
For example, leaf - leaves: loaf - loaves: shelf - shelves: knife - knives: life - lives:
wife - wives etc.; but notice that the plural of "cliff' is "cliffs" and the plural of
"chef is "chefs".
HOW DO WE GENERALLY FORM THE PLURAL OF NOUNS ENDING IN "F"
OR "FE" ?/ We generally... by changing the endings to "ves"
GIVE ME SOME EXAMPLES, PLEASE! Leaf-leaves
WHAT ARE THE EXCEPTIONS TO THIS RULE ? The exceptions to ...
are cliff and chef
There are other exceptions, but they are not among the basic words of the language.
WOODS las
DO YOU PREFER WOODS OR OPEN FIELDS ? I prefer ...
WHY?
DEER jeleń
WHERE DO DEER MOSTLY LIVE ? Deer mostly live in the woods
WHY ? Because they don't like to be seen very much, and are usually
afraid of human beings
705 GREED łakomy, chciwy
WHAT HAPPENS TO PEOPLE WHO BECOME TOO GREEDY ?/ People
who become too greedy sometimes lose everything they've gained...
PLOUGH orać TURN OVER przewrócić
WHY DO WE PLOUGH THE LAND ? We plough the land in order to turn the
earth over and prepare it for seeds
SCOLD skrzyczeć
WHEN DOES A MOTHER SCOLD HER CHILD? A mother... when the child has
done something wrong and made her angry ...
PARTNER partner
IF YOU WENT INTO BUSINESS, WOULD YOU PREFER TO HAVE A
PARTNER OR TO BE ALONE ? If I went into ... I'd prefer ...
WHY?/
IDIOM 15
PUT ONE'S FOOT DOWN = to be very determined in stopping something
być stanowczym
e.g. Things were getting worse all the time. The children were making a lot of
noise and doing just as they wanted to, until I finally had to put my foot down
and stop everything.
706 WHAT DOES THE IDIOM "TO PUT ONE'S FOOT DOWN MEAN" ?
The idiom ... "to be very ..."
GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE ! If I hadn't put my foot down and got very angry
with them, they would have done nothing and the
work would never have got finished
EXERCISE 43
LESSON 113
BOARD deska, DIRECTOR DECK PORT
wyżywienie, pokład dyrektor pokład port
GET OFF PRIVATE LODGINGS pokój FLOORBOARD
wysiąść, zejść prywatny gościnny, kwatera podłoga
NOTICE-BOARD tablica z ogłoszeniami BLACKBOARD tablica
The basic meaning of the word "board" is a wide, flat piece of wood. From it we
get "floorboard: notice-board: blackboard" etc.
707 WHAT'S THE BASIC MEANING OF THE WORD "BOARD" ? The basic ...
apiece of wood
GIVE ME SOME EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE GET FROM THE WORD
"BOARD". / Some examples of what... are "floorboard..."
WHAT DO WE USE A NOTICE-BOARD FOR ? We use ... for putting notices on.
It is a quick and easy way of giving news and information to everybody
We can also use the word "board" with the idea of a table, and from it we get, for
example, "a board of directors", that is, a group of directors who control a company
or some such organization, and, as they usually meet round a table, we call their
meeting a "board meeting"./
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A "BOARD OF DIRECTORS" ? By a... we mean
a group...
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A "BOARD MEETING"? By a... a meeting of
company directors round a table
We also use "board" for the deck of a ship, and when we go onto a ship, we say we go
"on board ship".
WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU GO ON BOARD SHIP TO SAY GOODBYE TO A
FRIEND AND YOU REMAIN ON BOARD AFTER THE SHIP HAS LEFT PORT?/
If you go ... when you arrive at the foreign port, you aren't allowed to get off the ship, but
are sent immediately back to where you came from...
708 We also use the word "board" with the idea of a table, with the meaning of food.
When, for example, we pay to eat and sleep at a private house, we say that we pay
for board and lodgings, that is, food and bed.
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY "BOARD AND LODGINGS" ? By "board and
lodgings" we mean paying to eat and sleep at a house
CLIMB wspinać się
IN WHICH PROFESSION WOULD YOU SAY IT WAS THE MOST DIFFICULT
TO CLIMB TO THE TOP, AND STAY THERE? I'd say the profession in which it was
the most difficult to ... was the political profession, or that of an actor ... etc.
WHY?/
WHAT'D YOU SEE IF YOU CLIMBED TO THE TOP OF THIS BUILDING ?
If I climbed ... I'd see ...
ACCOUNT = A STORY; A MONEY ACCOUNT konto, opowiadanie
709 WHAT DOES THE WORD "ACCOUNT" MEAN AS A NOUN ? The word
"account" as a noun means a story, or a money account
2) Defective - "He had enough money with him, so I needn't have given him any" -
means I did give him some money, but it was not necessary.
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO SENTENCES?
"WE HAD PLENTY OF TIME, SO WE DID NOT NEED TO HURRY"
AND
"WE HAD PLENTY OF TIME, SO WE NEEDN'T HAVE HURRIED"/
The difference between those ... is that the first sentence means we did not
hurry, whilst the second sentence means we did hurry, but it was not necessary.
756 When you are in doubt as to when you must use the verb "need" as a normal verb
or as a defective verb, it is safer to use it as a normal verb. For example, "Do you
need to go there tomorrow ?" may not exactly be correct but people say it, and so it
can't be entirely wrong
WHEN YOU ARE IN DOUBT AS TO WHEN YOU SHOULD USE "NEED" AS
A NORMAL VERB OR AS A DEFECTIVE VERB, HOW IS IT SAFER TO USE
IT ?/ When I'm (or we are) ... it's safer to use it as a normal verb
GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE! "He doesn't need to stay if he doesn't want to"
ASSOCIATION stowarzyszenie AUTOMOBILE automobil
WHAT KIND OF ASSOCIATIONS ARE THERE ? There are automobile
associations, football associations...
DO YOU BELONG TO ANY ASSOCIATIONS? Yes, I belong to ... or...
No, I don't ...
WHICH ?
DISTURB przeszkadzać CONCENTRATE koncentrować
757 DOES EVERY LITTLE NOISE ETC. DISTURB YOU WHEN YOU'RE
READING ? Yes, every little ... or... No, every little noise doesn't ...
WHY OR WHY NOT ?/ ... I can't concentrate ...
COURAGE odwaga VIRTUE cnota, zaleta
WHY IS COURAGE CONSIDERED BY SOME AS THE GREATEST OF ALL
THE VIRTUES ? Courage is considered by ... because one needs
it to be able to practise the other virtues
LOYAL lojalny LOYALTY lojalność
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY BEING LOYAL ? By being loyal, we mean that we are
true and faithful to somebody or something in which
we believe or to which we give our support
COMPANION towarzysz
WHICH ANIMALS ARE MAN'S MOST LOYAL COMPANIONS ?/ The dog [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
zanotowane.pl doc.pisz.pl pdf.pisz.pl szamanka888.keep.pl
sezonowy kelner wybrzeże
703 TO CHANGE ONE'S MIND PAINTER PIANIST SURGEON
rozmyślić się malarz pianista chirurg
WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE DON'T EARN A STEADY WAGE OR SALARY ?/
The kind of people... are such people as actors, writers, different
kinds of artists, and people who do seasonal work, such as
waiters who work at the seaside during the summer etc.
WHAT DO WE USUALLY MEAN WHEN WE SAY THAT SOMEONE'S A
STEADY PERSON ? When we say that someone's a steady person, we usually mean
that we can believe what he says, that he does what he
says he will do and doesn't keep changing his mind etc.
WHAT KIND OF JOBS DO WE NEED A STEADY HAND FOR? The kind of
jobs for which we need a steady hand are those
of a painter, pianist, watch-repairer, surgeon etc.
ABOUT HOW LONG DO YOU THINK IT'LL TAKE YOU TO FINISH THIS
BOOK IF YOU KEEP WORKING STEADILY ?/ I think it'll take me about
... to finish...
PLURAL OF NOUNS ENDING IN "F" OR "FE"
LEAF LOAF SHELF CLIFF
liść bochenek półka urwisko skalne
704 Nouns ending in "f or "fe" generally change this to "ves" in forming their plurals.
For example, leaf - leaves: loaf - loaves: shelf - shelves: knife - knives: life - lives:
wife - wives etc.; but notice that the plural of "cliff' is "cliffs" and the plural of
"chef is "chefs".
HOW DO WE GENERALLY FORM THE PLURAL OF NOUNS ENDING IN "F"
OR "FE" ?/ We generally... by changing the endings to "ves"
GIVE ME SOME EXAMPLES, PLEASE! Leaf-leaves
WHAT ARE THE EXCEPTIONS TO THIS RULE ? The exceptions to ...
are cliff and chef
There are other exceptions, but they are not among the basic words of the language.
WOODS las
DO YOU PREFER WOODS OR OPEN FIELDS ? I prefer ...
WHY?
DEER jeleń
WHERE DO DEER MOSTLY LIVE ? Deer mostly live in the woods
WHY ? Because they don't like to be seen very much, and are usually
afraid of human beings
705 GREED łakomy, chciwy
WHAT HAPPENS TO PEOPLE WHO BECOME TOO GREEDY ?/ People
who become too greedy sometimes lose everything they've gained...
PLOUGH orać TURN OVER przewrócić
WHY DO WE PLOUGH THE LAND ? We plough the land in order to turn the
earth over and prepare it for seeds
SCOLD skrzyczeć
WHEN DOES A MOTHER SCOLD HER CHILD? A mother... when the child has
done something wrong and made her angry ...
PARTNER partner
IF YOU WENT INTO BUSINESS, WOULD YOU PREFER TO HAVE A
PARTNER OR TO BE ALONE ? If I went into ... I'd prefer ...
WHY?/
IDIOM 15
PUT ONE'S FOOT DOWN = to be very determined in stopping something
być stanowczym
e.g. Things were getting worse all the time. The children were making a lot of
noise and doing just as they wanted to, until I finally had to put my foot down
and stop everything.
706 WHAT DOES THE IDIOM "TO PUT ONE'S FOOT DOWN MEAN" ?
The idiom ... "to be very ..."
GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE ! If I hadn't put my foot down and got very angry
with them, they would have done nothing and the
work would never have got finished
EXERCISE 43
LESSON 113
BOARD deska, DIRECTOR DECK PORT
wyżywienie, pokład dyrektor pokład port
GET OFF PRIVATE LODGINGS pokój FLOORBOARD
wysiąść, zejść prywatny gościnny, kwatera podłoga
NOTICE-BOARD tablica z ogłoszeniami BLACKBOARD tablica
The basic meaning of the word "board" is a wide, flat piece of wood. From it we
get "floorboard: notice-board: blackboard" etc.
707 WHAT'S THE BASIC MEANING OF THE WORD "BOARD" ? The basic ...
apiece of wood
GIVE ME SOME EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE GET FROM THE WORD
"BOARD". / Some examples of what... are "floorboard..."
WHAT DO WE USE A NOTICE-BOARD FOR ? We use ... for putting notices on.
It is a quick and easy way of giving news and information to everybody
We can also use the word "board" with the idea of a table, and from it we get, for
example, "a board of directors", that is, a group of directors who control a company
or some such organization, and, as they usually meet round a table, we call their
meeting a "board meeting"./
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A "BOARD OF DIRECTORS" ? By a... we mean
a group...
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY A "BOARD MEETING"? By a... a meeting of
company directors round a table
We also use "board" for the deck of a ship, and when we go onto a ship, we say we go
"on board ship".
WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU GO ON BOARD SHIP TO SAY GOODBYE TO A
FRIEND AND YOU REMAIN ON BOARD AFTER THE SHIP HAS LEFT PORT?/
If you go ... when you arrive at the foreign port, you aren't allowed to get off the ship, but
are sent immediately back to where you came from...
708 We also use the word "board" with the idea of a table, with the meaning of food.
When, for example, we pay to eat and sleep at a private house, we say that we pay
for board and lodgings, that is, food and bed.
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY "BOARD AND LODGINGS" ? By "board and
lodgings" we mean paying to eat and sleep at a house
CLIMB wspinać się
IN WHICH PROFESSION WOULD YOU SAY IT WAS THE MOST DIFFICULT
TO CLIMB TO THE TOP, AND STAY THERE? I'd say the profession in which it was
the most difficult to ... was the political profession, or that of an actor ... etc.
WHY?/
WHAT'D YOU SEE IF YOU CLIMBED TO THE TOP OF THIS BUILDING ?
If I climbed ... I'd see ...
ACCOUNT = A STORY; A MONEY ACCOUNT konto, opowiadanie
709 WHAT DOES THE WORD "ACCOUNT" MEAN AS A NOUN ? The word
"account" as a noun means a story, or a money account
2) Defective - "He had enough money with him, so I needn't have given him any" -
means I did give him some money, but it was not necessary.
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE TWO SENTENCES?
"WE HAD PLENTY OF TIME, SO WE DID NOT NEED TO HURRY"
AND
"WE HAD PLENTY OF TIME, SO WE NEEDN'T HAVE HURRIED"/
The difference between those ... is that the first sentence means we did not
hurry, whilst the second sentence means we did hurry, but it was not necessary.
756 When you are in doubt as to when you must use the verb "need" as a normal verb
or as a defective verb, it is safer to use it as a normal verb. For example, "Do you
need to go there tomorrow ?" may not exactly be correct but people say it, and so it
can't be entirely wrong
WHEN YOU ARE IN DOUBT AS TO WHEN YOU SHOULD USE "NEED" AS
A NORMAL VERB OR AS A DEFECTIVE VERB, HOW IS IT SAFER TO USE
IT ?/ When I'm (or we are) ... it's safer to use it as a normal verb
GIVE ME AN EXAMPLE, PLEASE! "He doesn't need to stay if he doesn't want to"
ASSOCIATION stowarzyszenie AUTOMOBILE automobil
WHAT KIND OF ASSOCIATIONS ARE THERE ? There are automobile
associations, football associations...
DO YOU BELONG TO ANY ASSOCIATIONS? Yes, I belong to ... or...
No, I don't ...
WHICH ?
DISTURB przeszkadzać CONCENTRATE koncentrować
757 DOES EVERY LITTLE NOISE ETC. DISTURB YOU WHEN YOU'RE
READING ? Yes, every little ... or... No, every little noise doesn't ...
WHY OR WHY NOT ?/ ... I can't concentrate ...
COURAGE odwaga VIRTUE cnota, zaleta
WHY IS COURAGE CONSIDERED BY SOME AS THE GREATEST OF ALL
THE VIRTUES ? Courage is considered by ... because one needs
it to be able to practise the other virtues
LOYAL lojalny LOYALTY lojalność
WHAT DO WE MEAN BY BEING LOYAL ? By being loyal, we mean that we are
true and faithful to somebody or something in which
we believe or to which we give our support
COMPANION towarzysz
WHICH ANIMALS ARE MAN'S MOST LOYAL COMPANIONS ?/ The dog [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]